Lesbian utopia

Lesbian utopia refers to a conceptual community made up entirely of biological females who are not dependent on men for anything.

The concept of an all-female society is mentioned in Greek mythology through a legend of the Amazons, a nation of all-female warriors. In this legend, once each year the Amazons call upon the Gargareans and mate with them.

Reproduction
As with many species, human reproduction requires an egg (from the female), a sperm (from the male) and a womb as a suitable environment with an available source of nutrients in which an embryo can develop into a fetus and gestate until childbirth.

Scientists have created mouse pups from two female mice. There is a possibility that with further research the same or similar procedure could allow two human females to be the genetic parents of the same child. Scientists have found a way to fertilize human eggs using genetic material from any cell in the body. This could eventually allow two or more females to conceive and bring a baby to term without male assistance. Meanwhile same-sex marriages or unions have gained legal support in several countries.

It is as yet unknown if this biotechnology could be applied to humans, regardless of any ethical issues which may arise.

Culture
A historical fictional example of this concept is Herland, a novel written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935). The full text is available online here.

More contemporary examples of lesbian utopian fiction include Joanna Russ's The Female Man (1975) and Nicola Griffith's Ammonite (1993). These often include the premise that a gender-specific pandemic has eradicated all male human life on Earth or another world. The lesbian survivors usually reproduce through parthenogenesis, whether through benign mutation or technological progress.

The 1984 Polish science fiction comedy Sexmission features two men, subjects of a hibernation experiment, who wake to find themselves in a post-apocalyptic, all female society.

The comic book series Y: The Last Man, is set in the United States, after a plague has killed all men in the world but one.

British sci-fi writer Edmund Cooper explored the subject in several of his novels, including 5-12 and Who Needs Men.